The present-day church was built in place of the former Holy Trinity Church in the years 1620-1638 and endowed by Tomasz Zamoyski and his wife Katarzyna Ostroróg Zamoyska. The building was erected together with a brick monastery meant to house the The Franciscan Order. In 1812 it was transformed into a hospital, and at the end of the 19th century the church was overtaken by the Russian authorities and transformed into an Orthodox church. In 1917 it was given back to the Catholics and obtained the name of St. Catherine.

The building has a form of a basilica; there is a short aisle, a massive tower in the facade and extended, triangular, closed presbytery. The interior of the church is sumptuously decorated with stucco-works representing the Lublin Renaissance. Particularly eye-catching are the ornaments on the intradoses of the arcades in a form of rosettes, the winged heads of angels, griffins and eagles. All of them were, most probably, created by Jan Wolff. In the high altar, there is the miraculous image of the "Mother of God of the Brothers Hospitallers", dating back to the end of the 18th century.